INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES TO OCCUPATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROTECTION IN THE MINING INDUSTRY

The mining industry is characterized by a high level of occupational risks associated with the combined effects of physical, chemical, ergonomic, and psychosocial workplace factors. This determines the relevance of analyzing international approaches to occupational risk management and the protection of workers' health.

Objective - to conduct an analytical review of international regulatory documents and scientific studies on occupational risk management and occupational health protection in the mining industry, compare current approaches to risk assessment and occupational health surveillance, and assess the applicability of these approaches in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The study was conducted as an analytical review. The information base included regulatory and methodological documents of the International Labour Organization, World Health Organization, International Organization for Standardization, and International Commission on Occupational Health, as well as scientific publications indexed in the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. Comparative analysis, systematization, and analytical synthesis of scientific evidence were applied.

The analysis of international documents demonstrated the formation of a complementary, multilevel framework for occupational risk management. Documents of the International Labour Organization establish the regulatory basis for occupational safety, the International Organization for Standardization 45001 standard defines principles of risk-based management, while international recommendations in occupational health and medicine provide a basis for the prevention of occupational diseases and occupational health surveillance. Scientific evidence highlights the importance of considering the combined effects of dust, noise, vibration, and other workplace hazards in the mining industry.

The application of international approaches in the Republic of Kazakhstan should focus on developing risk-based occupational risk assessment systems, strengthening occupational health services, and improving preventive health surveillance. Comprehensive epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of international approaches under the conditions of Kazakhstan.